Many factors and parameters are at play in the Indian investment market. Individual financial goals influence investment decisions the most. The demand for investment instruments has a strong impact on their availability and vice versa. Market ups and downs are affected by various economic, political, and social factors, and they often affect the performance of different investment schemes. In all the ever-changing and shifting situations and dynamics, investors always look for reliable investment providers. This is where government bonds gain a majority of their popularity.
Different types of government securities are available in India, and government bonds are among them. A firm grasp of the concept of government bonds is a must-have as investors proceed to invest. There are more questions to ask about the tool to ensure the best steps forward and maximize the benefits of each investment.
Join us as we explain everything there is to know when investing in government bonds!
What are Government Bonds?
Bonds are generally fixed-income instruments where one party (the bond issuer) lends money from another (the bondholder). In this scenario, the government is the lender and the ones lending the money are investors.
There are times when a government can face funding or liquidity crises, with the collected revenue falling short of meeting required expenditures. Under such circumstances, the government can issue bonds and collect money from the public. The raised amount can be used to pay for infrastructure or development projects and other budgetary requirements.
Government bonds in India for investment were primarily available to large-size investors, like commercial banks, but the Government of India has made bonds and other securities easier to access for comparatively smaller entities and retail investors.
How Do Bonds Work?
The government issues a bond. Interested investors can invest as they see fit. The lock-in period, interest (coupon) rate, and all other features are pre-decided and informed. The government pays the interest in regular intervals, for instance, semi-annually or annually, to the investors. The dates are pre-set and stay the same. The original investment amount, i.e., the face value of the bond, is transferred to the investors’ accounts on the day of maturity.
Who Issues Government Bonds and How?
As and when the government needs it, the RBI issues the bond. A week prior to the issuance, RBI publishes press releases and advertisements with all necessary information. The bonds are issued to investors via auctions held on RBI’s E-Kuber website on the given date. Any retail investors not holding a current account or Subsidiary General Ledger account with RBI can also participate in the purchase through the non-competitive bidding section.
The auction-method is used by the RBI for the issuance of other bonds offered by the state and central government of India.
What are the Types of Government Bonds?
The foremost thing to understand as one decides to invest in government bonds India is that the central government, state governments, local governmental bodies like municipal corporations, and PSUs (Public Sector Undertakings) can issue bonds in India.
Here are the types of government bonds based on the key features!
Fixed Rate Bonds
Prior to the bond issuance, RBI sets and announces the interest rate. Throughout the tenure, interest is generated at the same rate, hence the name fixed-rate bonds. Calculating the overall returns and managing finances become easier in such bonds as the interest rates stay unchanged.
Floating Rate Bonds
Contrary to fixed-rate government bonds, the interest rates here are not pre-set. The rates are reset at pre-selected intervals, and the interest is accumulated accordingly till the next reset. Since the interest rate is not locked, whenever the market rates increase, investors can reap the benefits. Similarly, a fall in the market rates can lead to lower interest generations than fixed-rate bonds with higher interest rates.
Zero-Coupon Bonds
The absence of any coupon payment fetches the name. The bonds are initially issued at a discounted price. No interest is paid during the lock-in period, but the maturity amount is equivalent to the face value. This is where the benefit of the investment lies.
Capital-Indexed & Inflation-Indexed Bonds
CPI, the Consumer Price Index, is the driving parameter here. If the CPI rises, the face value of the bond will rise. Similarly, if the former falls, the latter will go up.
Under the inflation-linked bonds, the accrued interest, along with the bond’s face value, moves according to the CPI. The link to CPI keeps the investment protected against inflation.
Bonds with Call & Put Options
Some bonds allow the issuer to buy the issue back from the bondholder. The feature is called call. Some bonds enable the bondholders to sell the bond back to the issuer, which is called the put option. In both cases, the transaction happens at face value.
The put option will help the investors to sell the bond in case there is any risk of losing the bond value or a better re-investment option. On the other hand, the government can avoid paying hefty interest rates by calling the bond back when the market goes up.
Sovereign Gold Bond
The Indian Government came up with the Sovereign Gold Bond scheme in 2015 with the aim to bring physical gold back to the economy and give investors a more convenient way of investing in gold. Investors get to invest at the current rate of gold without having to worry about the safekeeping of gold and associated costs for the same.
Regular Taxable, Tax-Free & Tax Saving Bonds Bonds
The Income Tax Act of 1961 has clear provisions regarding bond investments. The accumulated interest and capital gains are subject to tax deduction as per the provided regulations.
- Regular taxable bonds are subject to both tax on interest accumulation and capital gain tax.
- The tax-free bonds help investors save on tax as the interest accumulation is free of any taxation.
- The tax-saving bonds (54EC bonds) offer complete long-term capital gain tax exemption.
What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Government Bonds?
It is crucial to understand and evaluate the pros and cons of choosing government bonds to make the best investment decisions!
| Advantages of Government Bonds | Disadvantages of Government Bonds |
|---|---|
| Secured by the government, ensuring the lowest risk of default (safer than FDs) | Returns can be lower than corporate bonds |
| Steady and regular income | Market volatility may reduce the face value of bonds |
| Tenure ranging between 5 years and 40 years, offering great long-term benefits | Inflation risk exists |
| Good liquidity | - |
| Investment starts as low as INR 10,000 | - |
| Tax benefits, including no TDS | - |
What are the Tax Implications of Government Bonds
In general, a government bond can be taxed in the following three ways:
- Tax on Interest Payment: Tax is imposed on the accrued interest at the respective tax slab rates.
- Tax on Short-Term Capital Gains: Tax is imposed on the short-term capital gains (investment locked in for less than 1 year) at the respective tax slab rates.
- Tax on Long-Term Capital Gains: Tax is imposed on long-term capital gains (investment locked in for more than 1 year) at 10% if it is a listed bond and 20% if it is an unlisted bond.
How to Invest in Government Bonds: GoldenPi Shows the Way!
Choose GoldenPi, and your investment journey will become smooth and hassle-free. From enlisting the latest bond issuance to keeping its database up-to-date, the platform gives you access to all the information you need to draft and maintain a healthy and rewarding investment profile.
The answer to how to invest in government bonds in India is as simple as it is quick!
- Sign up and get the KYC done.
- Select a bond.
- Make the payment.
Sit back and seamlessly monitor your investment!
FAQs About What To Know Before Investing In Government Bonds?
1. Should I invest in government bonds?
If you are looking for a long-term investment option with low risk and want steady interest rates and regular returns, government bonds will be a great option for you. Besides investors with a low-risk tolerance, high-risk investors can opt for government bonds to diversify their portfolios. Government bonds are also suitable for senior citizens.
2. Can I directly invest in government bonds?
Retail investors can invest in government bonds directly through RBI. A current or Subsidiary General Ledger account is a compulsory requirement. If you don’t have any, you can opt for the non-competitive bidding held by RBI. An easier and more convenient way to invest in government bonds is on GoldenPi.
3. Which government bond is best?
The answer depends on your investment goals. If you need stable returns without facing market volatility, fixed-rate bonds are best for you. On the other hand, if you are willing to take a bit of risk to take advantage of the market rates going high, floating-rate bonds are your pick.
4. How do you invest in Government Bonds?
Visit GoldenPi. Sign up; it doesn’t ask for any charge. Complete your KYC. Now, check out the list of government bonds, take your pick, and make the payment to confirm.
5. What is the interest rate of a 5-year government bond in India?
As of June 18, 2024, the interest rate of a 5-year government bond in India is 7.010%. The highest rate was 8.232% on September 16, 2018.
6. Are bonds a good investment in 2024?
Government bonds are a good investment in 2024 for security and stable returns. They continue to offer better returns than many other safe investment tolls, like FDs.
