The liquidity of bonds is an important factor. While the secondary bond market provides bondholders with liquidity, the call provision brings liquidity and flexibility to the bond issuers. The call date is a key component for exercising the call options. Call dates bear different meanings and impacts for bond issuers and bondholders, which should be explored!
Defining Call Dates
Bonds have specific maturity periods. The principal amount invested by the bondholders (the amount borrowed by the bond issuer) stays invested till the date of maturity and generates interest. However, some bonds have the call option. It permits the bond issuer to call the bond, i.e., buy the bond back from the investor before it matures at a premium price. This option can be implemented only on selective dates during the maturity period.
The first date, immediately after the bond issuance, on which the bond issuer can call the bond is referred to as the first call bond. A bond can have multiple call dates, and that is generally given as the call schedule. There is a specific period within which the bonds can not be called; for instance, the first five years after the bond issuance. This is referred to as the call protection period.
If the bond has the call option, all the call dates and associated details will also be mentioned on the bond documents.
For Example
Bond Name: ABC Bond
Bond Price: INR 10,000
Maturity Period: 7 years
Call Date: After completing 5 years
Call Price: INR 10,500
Importance of Call Dates for Bond Issuers
Bond issuers must bear interest payments for the bonds. If the interest rates in the market drop, the bond issuers might want to take advantage of that. They can call the bond with the existing rate, which is higher than the new rate, and reissue the bonds with new, lower rates. This way, they can cut down their expenses while continuing to borrow capital.
If the market rates increase, the bond issuers will refrain from calling the bonds back because issuance might be more expensive.
Importance of Call Dates for Bondholders
Call dates bring the call risk for the bondholders. If the bond is called due to falling market rates, bondholders will either stop earning from their investments or their earnings may reduce to a great extent. Furthermore, investors can face difficulty in finding satisfactory reinvestment options due to the dropped market rates.
Return & Risk Dynamics
Call dates create an interesting return and risk equation. Due to the uncertain nature of callable bonds, they offer higher interest rates, not non-callable bonds, with more certainty. So, the return possibilities are more lucrative. However, the risk is also high as the investment can be called off during market drops, cutting off the income source.
Wrapping Up!
Call dates have dual characteristics from two different standpoints. They ensure a flexible borrowing option for the bond issuers. Investors have a higher earning scope, but they also have a certain level of risk.
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FAQs About What is a Call Date?
1. Do all bonds have the call option?
Some bonds have the option to call before the maturity period, but not all. Both callable and non-callable bonds are available in India’s bond market.
2. What happens if a bond is called?
If the bond issuer decides to call a bond, the investors will first be notified, and then the principal amount will be returned.
3. How do I know if the bond is callable?
The bond prospectus or document should have details on all features of the representative bond, including the call option. It should mention the call dates and the call price.
